µËµÏ´óѧµÄÑÒÍÁ¹¤³ÌÑо¿ÊµÑéÊÒ½¨Á¢ÓÚ1997Ä꣬ÆäºóѸËÙÉú³¤¡£³ýÁ˱¾¿ÆºÍÑо¿ÉúµÄ½ÌѧºÍÑо¿Ô˶¯Í⣬¸ÃʵÑéÊÒ»¹ÎªÑÒÍÁ¹¤³ÌÐÐÒµÌṩ¹ã·ºµÄЧÀÍ¡£ÊµÑéÊÒÅ䱸ÁËÏȽøµÄÑÒÍÁ½¨Ä£ºÍ±íÕ÷ÉèÊ©£¬°üÀ¨Ö±¾¶Îª7Ã×µÄÑÒÍÁÀëÐÄ»úºÍËÕ¸ñÀ¼º£Ñó¿ÉÔÙÉúÄÜÔ´²âÊÔÖÐÐÄ£¨SMART£©¡£ÕâЩÉ豸ÅäÓдóÐÍ1gÍÁÈÀÊÔÑę́ºÍÎïÀí½¨Ä£ÉèÊ©£¬ÕâЩÉèÊ©Òѱ»ÓÃÓÚÑо¿º£ÉÏ»ù´¡£¨Éî²ãºÍdz²ã£©¡¢¹ÜµÀ¡¢Â½ÉÏÖ²±»Ö§³ÅµÄбÆ¡¢µØ¶¯¶Ï²ãºÍÒº»¯¡£Í¬Ê±£¬UoDÉèÊ©µÄ¹¤ÒµÊÊÓÃÐÔ»ñµÃÁËËÕ¸ñÀ¼ÆóÒµÄÜԴʵÑéÊÒ£¨SEL45ÉèÊ©£©µÄÈÏ¿É¡£
±¾ÎÄΪµËµÏ´óѧÑÒÍÁ¹¤³ÌÑо¿ÊµÑéÊÒEFTHYMIOS APOSTOLOUÏÈÉúºÍANDREW J. BRENNAN²©Ê¿Ê¹ÓÃVDDCSS±äÆ«Ïò¶¯µ¥¼ôÍê³ÉµÄÓ¦Óð¸Àý¡£
ÀëÐÄ»ú½¨Ä£ÖеıÈÀýÎÊÌâ
ÀëÐÄ»ú½¨Ä£ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÏȽøµÄÎïÀí½¨Ä£¼¼Êõ£¬ÓÃÓÚÔÚÀëÐÄ»úÔöÇ¿ÖØÁ¦³¡ÖвâÊÔËõС±ÈÀýµÄÑÒÍÁ¹¤³ÌÄ£ÐÍ¡£ÀëÐÄÊÔÑéµÄÖ÷ÒªÔÀíÊÇÔÚС³ß´çÄ£ÐͺÍÈ«³ß´çÔÐÍÖ®¼äͨ¹ýÁ¼ºÃµÄ±ÈÀý¶¨ÂɵĵÈЧÐÔ¡£ÎªÁËÕýÈ·µØËõ·ÅÓ¦Á¦£¬ÀëÐÄ»ú²âÊÔÊÇÔÚÔö¼ÓµÄÖØÁ¦Ï½øÐеģ¬ÖØÁ¦¼´ÊÇÄ£ÐÍËõ·Åµ½µÄ´ÎÊý¡£½¨Ä£µÄ½á¹ûÊÇÓ¦Á¦ºÍÍÁÈÀÐÐΪÔÚ±ÈÀýÄ£ÐÍÓëÈ«³ß´çÏÖ³¡½á¹¹Ö®¼äµÄÏàËÆÐÔ£¨Schofield£¬1980£©¡£ÀëÐÄ»ú½¨Ä£ÒѾӦÓÃÓÚÐí¶àѧ¿Æ£¬ÀýÈçµØ¶¯¹¤³Ì£¬ÔÚ¼«¶ËµØ¶¯Çé¿öÏÂ×¼±¸ºÍ²âÊÔÍÁÈÀÄ£ÐÍ£¬Õâ¿ÉÄÜ»áÒýÆð´óλÒÆÆÆ»µºÍÒº»¯¡£
¹Å°åµÄÀëÐÄÊÔÑ齨ÒéÔÚÄ£ÐͺÍÔÐÍÖÐʹÓÃÏàͬµÄÍÁÈÀ¡£È»¶ø£¬ÔÚijЩÇé¿öÏ£¬Èç×÷Ϊ¿¹Òº»¯²½·¥µÄʯÖùÀëÐÄ»úÊÔÑ飬ÓÉÓÚÄ£ÐÍÖùµÄÔÐ͹ÇÁÏÖ±¾¶Ì«´ó£¬Ó¦Ê¹ ÓÃËõ³ß¿ÅÁ£À´Ä£ÄâʯÖù¡£ÎªÁ˼á³ÖÒ»ÖÂÐÔ£¬ÖÜΧµÄÍÁÈÀ±ØÐ밴ͬÑùµÄ¹æÔò½øÐÐËõ·Å¡£±ðµÄ£¬Ï¸Á£ÖÊÁÏÓ¦¸Ã¾ßÓÐÒº»¯ÄÜÁ¦£¬ÒòΪËü´ú±íÁË¿ÉÒº»¯µÄÍÁÈÀ¡£ÔÚ´Ë£¬½¨ÒéµÄϸÍÁÊÇ¿ÉÒº»¯µÄ´Ö·ÛÍÁ¡£È»¶ø£¬ÔÚÀëÐÄ»úÄ£ÐÍÖÐʹÓôó×ÚµÄÍÁ²¢¶Ô Æä½øÐеض¯¶¯²âÊÔ֮ǰ£¬ÓÐÐëÒª¶ÔÖ¤ÁϽøÐмôÇÐÊÔÑéÒÔ¼ì²éÆäÐÔÄÜ¡££¨ApostolouµÈ£¬2016£©
VDDCSSµ¥¼ô×÷ÓÃÏ·ÛÍÁÌØÐÔÑо¿
×÷Ϊ½øÒ»²½Ñо¿µÄ»ù×¼£¬Ñ¡ÔñµÄÖÊÁÏÊÇ´Ö·ÛÍÁA50¶þÑõ»¯¹è¡£Æ¾¾ÝµØÖÊ×ÊÁϺÍʵÀýÆÊÎö£¬·ÛÍÁÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¿ÉÒÔÒº»¯µÄÎïÖÊ£¨CarrµÈ£¬2004£©£¬£¨SartainµÈ£¬2014£©¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÔÚʵÑéÊÒÖжÔÆä½øÐÐÁ˹㷺µÄÑо¿£¬ÒÔÁ˽âÆäÔÚÑ»·ÔغÉϵÄÐÐΪ¡£
ΪÁËÆÀ¹ÀÑ»·µ¥¼ô×÷ÓÃϵÄÊÕËõˮƽ£¬½øÐÐÁËһϵÁÐÅÅË®ÊÔÑ飬Õâ¿ÉÄܱ»½âÊÍΪ±êÃ÷Æä¿ÉÄܱ¬·¢Òº»¯¡£ÊÔÑéÉ豸ΪGDS±äÆ«Ïò¶¯Ì¬Ñ»·µ¥¼ôϵͳ£¨VDDCSS£©£¨Í¼1£©¡£Óë¹Å°åµÄÖ±½Ó¼ôÇÐ×°ÖÃÏà±È£¬µ¥¼ô×°ÖøüÊܽӴý£¬ÒòΪµ¥¼ôϵÄÍÁÈÀÐÐΪ¿ÉÒÔ¸üºÃµØÄ£ÄâÕæʵ԰µØÌõ¼þϵض¯Ê¼þϵÄÍÁÈÀÓ¦Á¦ÏìÓ¦¡£¸ü׼ȷµØ˵£¬ÔÚÖ±¼ôÊÔÑéÀú³ÌÖУ¬¹Å°åµÄ¼ôÇкÐˮƽÆÆÁÑÒ»°ë£¬Òò´Ë£¬ËüÔÊÐíÊÔ¼þµÄÌض¨Æ½ÃæÆÆ»µ¡£ÁíÒ»·½Ã棬VDDCSSÖеÄÍÁÑù°²ÅÅÔÚÈô¸É¸öÔ²»·µÄÄÚ²¿ÇøÓò£¬¿ÉÒÔ×ÔÓɵØÏòËùÐèµÄÆ«ÏòÒƶ¯£¬Òò´Ë¼ôÇÐÓ¦±ä¦ÃÂþÑܵ½Õû¸öÊÔÑùÇøÓò£¨Í¼2£©¡£
ͼ1. ±äÆ«Ïò¶¯Ì¬Ñ»·µ¥¼ôÇÐϵͳ £¨VDDCSS£©
ͼ2 Ö±¼ô·¨Óëµ¥¼ô·¨µÄÇø±ð
VDDCSSÉ豸µÄÍÁÑùÓÉÉ°Óê·¨ÖƱ¸¡£ÓÃÏð½ºÄ¤ºÍһЩÌØ·úÁúÍ¿²ã»·ÔÚ»ù×ùÉÏÖƱ¸Ò»¸öÖ±¾¶70ºÁÃ×£¬¸ß20ºÁÃ×µÄÔ²ÖùÐÎÑùÆ·£¬ÕâÔÊÐíÊÔÑùµÄ¼ôÇÐλÒÆ£¨Í¼3£©¡£È»ºó£¬ÑùÆ·¶Ô½ÓÔÚ×°ÖõÄÖÐÐÄ£¬ÔÚÄÇÀïËü¿ÉÒÔÔÚˮƽƫÏòÉϽøÐмòµ¥µÄ¼ôÇбäÐΡ£VDDCSSÔÊÐíͬʱ½øÐÐÁ½¸öÆ«ÏòµÄµ¥¼ô£¬µ«ÎªÁ˽øÐÐÕâЩÊÔÑ飬ֻ½øÐÐÁËÒ»¸öÆ«ÏòµÄµ¥¼ô¡£
ͼ3. ÔÚVDDCSSÉ豸ÉÏ°²ÅÅ´Ö·ÛÍÁÑù
µ¥¼ôÊÔÑé½á¹û¼°½áÂÛ
ͼ4ºÍͼ5»®·Ö¸ø³öÁË4ÖÖ²î±ð¼ôÓ¦Á¦ÓëÓÐЧӦÁ¦Ö®±È£¨¦Ó/¦Ò?£©Ï½øÐеĵ¥¼ôÊÔÑé½á¹û¡£Í¼ÐÎÏÔʾÁËÑùÆ·Ó¦±äÓëÑ»·´ÎÊýµÄ¹Øϵ£¬Í¼4ÏÔʾÁËÔÚ0.8HzϽøÐеIJâÊÔ£¬Í¼5ÏÔʾÁËÔÚ0.5HzϽøÐеÄÏàͬ²âÊÔ¡£¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö£¬ÔÚÒ» ¶¨¼ôÇбȺÍÑ»·´ÎÊý¹æÄ£ÄÚ£¬¸É´Ö·ÛÍÁÔÚ¼ôÇÐÓ¦Á¦×÷ÓÃÏ»ᱬ·¢Ã÷ÏÔµÄÊÕËõ£¬Òò´Ë£¬¸É´Ö·ÛÍÁÊÊÏàÖúΪҺ»¯Ãô¸ÐÖÊÁÏ£¬ÐëҪʱ¿ÉÈ¡´ú½Ï´ÖµÄ¿ÉÒº»¯É°ÍÁ½øÐÐÀëÐÄÊÔÑ顣ȻºóÔڵ˵ϴóѧµÄÍÁ¹¤ÀëÐÄ»úÖжÔϸÁ£ÖÊÁϽøÐÐÁ˲âÊÔ£¬ÊӲ쵽¿×϶ѹÁ¦µÄÉÏÉý֤ʵÁË·ÛÍÁµÄÒº»¯Ç±Á¦ºÍVDDCSS½á¹ûµÄ¿É¿¿ÐÔ¡££¨Apostolou µÈ, 2016£©
ÖáÏòÓ¦±ä-¼ôÓ¦Á¦±È-Ñ»·´ÎÊý(0.8Hz)
ͼ4. ÔÚ²î±ðµÄ¼ôÓ¦Á¦±ÈÏ£¬ÖáÏòÓ¦±ä£¨Ñ¹ÎªÕý£©ÓëÊ©¼ÓÓ¦Á¦Ñ»·´ÎÊýµÄ º¯Êý£¨(ƵÂÊf = 0.8 Hz£©
ÖáÏòÓ¦±ä-¼ôÓ¦Á¦±È-Ñ»·´ÎÊý(0.5Hz)
ͼ5. ÔÚ²î±ðµÄ¼ôÓ¦Á¦±ÈÏ£¬ÖáÏòÓ¦±ä£¨Ñ¹ÎªÕý£©ÓëÊ©¼ÓÓ¦Á¦Ñ»·´ÎÊýµÄº¯Êý£¨(ƵÂÊf = 0.5 Hz£©
×÷ÕßÁôÑÔ
Efthymios Apostolou£º¡°ÓëGDSÒÇÆ÷¹«Ë¾µÄÏàÖúºÜÊÇÁîÈËÂúÒâ¡£ÈçÇ°ËùÊö£¬Ê¹Óö¯Ì¬¼òµ¥¼ôÇÐϵͳÊǺÜÊÇÐëÒªµÄ£¬²¢ÇÒºÜÐ˷ܵØÖªµÀÓÐÒ»¼Ò¹«Ë¾Äܹ»Àí½âÕâЩÎÊÌâ²¢Âú×ãÑÒÍÁ¹¤³ÌʵÑéÊÒµÄÒªÇó¡£Í¬Ê±£¬GDSÉ豸µÄÓ²¼þºÍÈí¼þµÄÀí½âºÍ²Ù×÷Ò²±È½ÏÈÝÒ׺ÍÖ±¹Û¡£³ý´ËÖ®Í⣬¸Ã×°ÖÃÔÊÐíÔÚ²âÊÔÇ°Ô¤ÏÈÑ¡ÔñÐí¶à²ÎÊý×÷ΪÊäÈëÐÅÏ¢£¬ÕâʹµÃ¿ÉÄܵÄÊä³öÊý¾Ý¹æÄ£¸ü¹ã¡£Òò´Ë£¬GDS±Ø½«³ÉΪÎÒÃÇδÀ´ÈκÎʵÑéÉ豸µÄÊ×Ñ¡¡£¡±
Apostolou, E., Brennan A.J. and Wehr J. (2016) Liquefaction characteristics of coarse silt-graded A50 silica flour, Chania, Greece: 1st International Conference on Natural Hazards and Infrastructure: Protection, Design, Rehabilitation.
Carr, K. and Berrill, J. (2004) Liquefaction case histories from the west coast of the south island, New Zealand, Vancouver, B.C., Canada: 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.
Sartain, N., Leboeuf, D., Ciubotariu, R., Garcia-Cueto D. and Lubkowski, Z. (2014) The liquefaction potential of a marine silt layer ¨C a case study from Chateauguay, Qu¨¦bec, Canada, Istanbul: Second European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology.
Schofield, A. N. (1980) ¡®Cambridge Geotechnical Centrifuge Operations¡¯, G¨¦otechnique,30(3), pp. 227-268.